Electric organ.



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APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 7, 1906. 3 SHETS SHEBT 1.

ffzesses. www@ fm No. 895,925. PATENTED AUG. 1l, 1908. W. R. WHITEHORNE.

ELECTRIC ORGAN.

PL I N AP IOAT 0 FILED SEPT 1906 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2| N0. 895,925. PATENTEDAUG. 11, 1908. W. B.. WHITEHORNE.

ELECTRIC ORGAN.

` APPLICATION FILED m1111906.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WILLIAM R. WHITEHORNE, OF BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA.

ELECTRIC ORGAN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 11, 19,08.

Application filed September '7, 1906. Serial No. 333,590.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, WiLLIAM R. HORNE, a citizen of the United States,residing in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvementsin `Electric Organs, of which the following is a specification.

One object of my invention is to provide a positive and direct actingdevice for electrically controlling the sounding of each organ ipe orset of pipes of an electrically controlled organ, as well as to reducethe number of parts and connections required to actuate and control thevarious devices constituting the mechanism of the organ, particularly ofthat type having two or more manuals and a relatively large number ofsto sand combinations.

further desire to provide relatively simple electrical means forthrowing into or out of operative conditionany desired number of sets ofpipes, for controlling the coupling of two or more manuals, for dulicating ipes and borrowing stops, as wel as erforming the otheroperations require to control an organ.

These and other advantageous objects, as will later appear, l attain ashereinafter set forth, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,in which 1 Figure l, is a vertical section illustrating my improvedmeans for controlling the admission of air to an organ pipe; Fig. 2, isan inverted plan view of the valve illustrated in Fig. 1; Fig. 3, is avertical section of a special form of air controlling means for a pipe;Fig. 4, is a plan of a special form of magnet oi' accom lishing the sameend as that attained by tlie two magnets shown in Fig. 3 Fig. 5, is adiagram of the connections for controlling the sounding of a pi e or setof pipes; there being in the case il ustrated controlling mechanism foreight pipes, which consists of two stops and four keys; Fig. 6, is adiagram similar to Fig. 5, but illustrating the means for coupling thekeys of two manuals; Fig. 7 is a vertical section illustrating theelectrical and mechanical devices for coupling the an elevation, to someextent diagrammatic, further illustrating the means for couplin the keysof two manuals, Fig. 9, is a vertica section illustrating the means forelectrically controlling all of the stop knobs; Fig. 10, is adiagrammatic view illustrating the electrical keys of two manuals; Fig.8, is-

connections of the apparatus preferably em- WHITE- ployed by me forcontrolling the operation of the stop bar and for preventing heating ofthe controlling winding used to secure a crescendo effect; Fig. 11, is adiagram illustrating the connections and apparatus constituting themeans for electrically controlling the action of four stop knobs andconsequently the pipes controlled thereby and the means for securingcrescendo, sforzando or full organ effect, Fi 12, is a diagramillustrating the electrica ap aratus and connections for throwing on, reeasin or maintaining any desired stop combinations, and Fig. 13 is adiagrammatic perspective View illustrating, partly in section, thearrangement and construction of the main elements of my invention.

Referring first to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, A represents the top of thewind chest of an organ, and a is a single organ pipe connected to saidchest. For controlling the admission of air to this pipe l provide anoutwardly opening valve a', (that is, avalve so arranged that the airpressure tends to unseat it) having a seat in a piece of flat materiala2 and provided with va rod a3; that the valve a is contained in achamber formed in the top member of the wind chest and that the pipe ais directly connected to this chamber. For operating each valve a lrovide a double wound magnet B, which, with its armature b, is designedand constructed in the manner fully described and claimed in my pendingap lication for U. S. Patent, No. 306,251, file March 15, 1906, andwhich may briefly be described as consisting of a frame of magneticmaterial constituting a closed or complete magnetic circuit so designedas to provide an auxiliary magnetic circuit which shall include amovable armature.

Referring to the magnet shown in Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive, there are onthis frame two independent windings b and b2, the Wire of which ispreferably so placed that when one of them is energized or when both areenergized in such manner as to cause the north pole of one winding to beat the same end as that at which is formed the south pole of the otherwinding, the magnetic fluX set up will simply circulate through theclosed magnetic frame Without appreciable leakage. lf, on the othervhand, current be sent through the windings so that their respectivenorth poles lt will thus be seen are both formed at the same end of themagnet, then the magnetic flux is forced to pass through the. armaturel1, which is thereby drawn toward one end of said magnet; it beingpivoted to the opposite end of the niagnet, as shown in Fig. 2. Thisarmature is, 1n the present instance, rigidly connect\d to the valvestem a and is provided with a spring b" of sueh strength that underordinary conditions when the magnet is deenergized, or but one of thewindings is energized, it is sullicient to hold the valve. a to its seatagainst whatever air pressure there may be existing within the windchest.

In order to provide means for borrowing pipes, I may make the chamber inthe top of the wind chest of larger size in order to accommodate two orany desired number of valves ct; the cover a4 for this enlarged chamberhaving in it a corresponding num ber of seats. Each of said valves maybe controlled by a double wound magnet B and is designed to be operatedas previously described, or, if desired, a single valve may be used witha multiple wound magnet B for controlling the same, as indicated in Fig. 4. Said multiple wound magnet, while having a closed circuitmagnetic frame, has on said frame two, four, or other even numberofwindings b b2; b3 b4, etc. This magnet has an armature b5, which ispivotally mounted at one. end of the frame s0 that it will be drawntoward the latter only when the magnetic flux from any adjacent pair ofwindings is in suoli direction as t0 form similar poles at adjacentpoints of the frame. On the other hand, if but a single winding of anypair is energized or if both windings of one pair are energized so as toform unli ie poles at adj acent points, then the magnetic flux simplyflows through the magnetic frame without in any way affecting thearmature.

The method of electrically controlling the opening of valves, such asthose shown in Figs. l to 4 inclusive, in order to sound any pipe orpipes, is illustrated in its simplest form in Fig. 5, where c, c', c2,c3 represent switches whose operation is'caused by the keys of theinstrument. These are connected in shunt to each other in a circuithaving a current generator C and in each shunt there are also connectedwindings b, for example, belonging to any desired number ofvalveoperating magnets B there being in the case illustrated two suchwindings in circuit with each key. Two stop controlled switches f and fare also illustrated in this diagram and it will be seen that each ofthese controls a shunt circuit having in it the second Windings b2 offour of the valve controlling magnets B, so that, for example, when thesto bar is pulled and its switch f closed, one coil of each of the fourmagnets B is energized. In the present instance these four magnets maycontrol the valves of the is thereby l i l pipes of the series known asthe flute of the. swell manual, whiley the magnets B2 control thediapason pipes ol' the same nunmal. IVith this arrangement it will beseen that the switchj" being closed will permit any of the llute. pipesto be sounded when their key switches c, c', e3, etc., arel elosed bylhe proper depression of the keys, for the reason that ill the. keyswitch c bc closed the windings and f" of the corresponding flute pipemagnet will be energized in such a way as to cause the magnetic flux toattract the. magnet armature and open the valve to said pipo. I'Vhilc itis true that the winding b of the magnet B2 in circuit with thel keyswitch e is also energized, as well as one winding of cach of thelremaining magnets of the finte pipes, this will have no effect; for, aspointed out, the magnetic flux simply flows through the magnetic framesof these magnets without attracting their armatures.

If it be desired that the operation of the keys shall cause sounding ofboth the. flute and diapason pipes, then both the stop switches f and fare closed, thereby energizing all of the windings b2 belonging to bothof said sets of pipes. The depression of any of the keys of this manualwill, as before, result in the energization of both windings b incircuit with it and as there will then be two magnets in which themagnetic flux forms similar poles at adjacent points, the armatures ofthese two magnets will be attracted and their valves a opened, withconsequent sounding of both the flute and diapason pipes.

The preferred form of stop bar employed by me and the device foroperating this is illustrated in Fig. 9, in which D represents the stoprod or bar having a knob l of the well known forni, whereby it may bemanually pulled out, if desired. Said bar passes axially through amagnet E, which may have any desired number of windings, there being inthe case illustrated four of these e, e, e2 and e3. Said magnet ismounted in any desired manner upon the rear face of that portion e" ofthe organ frame from which the stop bars project and has an armature e5carried upon that portion of the sto i bar which projects rearwardlyoutside. of the magnet. Said armature is preferably so fitted to thestop bar that it bears on it with considerable friction and whenattracted to the magnet causes it to move longitudinally through thesame. If, after such movement, a further outward longitudinal movementof the stop bar be given, as, for example, by an outward pull on lthestop knob, said bar will slide through the armature to a limited extent.I/Vhen the stop knob is pushed inwardly the armature, of course, moveswith it until it engages the pins e mounted in any desired manner uponthe organ frame, when such movement ceases, though the rearward movementof l `has been moved to its full in position.

Between the magnet E and its armature e5, I preferably mount anysuitable form of spring, as e7, so that after the energization of themagnet has drawn the armature toward it and moved the stop baroutwardly,

its subsequent denergization will result 1n the spring forcing saidarmature and with it the bar D back to the normal in position.

In order to maintain the sto bar in its full out position when it hasbeen manually moved thereto, I provide any desired form of catch, suchas is shown in Fig. 9, having a pair of springs carried u on anysuitable su porting structure e9 an so bent that they fa l into a groove61 or some e uivalent construction only when the stop bar ias been movedoutward to its fullest extent, as by hand. Under ordinary conditions,however, when the stop bar is operated solely by the energization of themagnet E, the movement is not suflicient to bring the groove el sothatsaid spring can enter it.

The stop switch f may consist of two contact brushes f2 and f4 mountedin any desired manner upon the frame of the organ so as to engage ametallic contact piece f 3 carried upon the non-conducting stop bar whenthis latter has been moved outwardly, either by hand or by the magnet E.

I preferably provide for each of the sto controlling magnets E aplurality of win' ings, as illustrated in Fig. 9, so that the stopswitches may be operated electrically to throw in or out of servicecertain grou s of pipes to make various desired com inations, and adiagram of connections of the windings of four stop magnets with theircontrolling combination switches is illustrated in Fig. 11, said magnetsbeing illustrated at El E2, E3 and E4 Of these stop magnets, the firsttwo may, for example, control the switches (not shown but preferablysimilar to that shown in Fig. 9) in circuit with the magnet-windingsrespectively belonging to the two sets of. ipes controlled from theswell manual, while the two `latter similarly may control switches incircuit with valve controlling windings of two other sets of pipes ofthe great manual, and it may be noted at this point that while both hereand in the other diagrams illustrated I have shown the minimum number ofunits compatible with an understanding of the device, there are in eachinstance suicient of these to be employed to fulfil the fullrequirements of a modern organ.

In Fig. 11, there are shown four combination switches g, g', g2 and g3,and also two switchesgv4 and g5 under the control of the foot of theerformer, of which the first may be operated) to give a crescendo effectand the other to produce a full organ effect.

The combination switches g, g', g2 and g3 are preferably of vsuchconstruction Vas to remain closed when once closed; bein if desired, ofthe sna type, while t e foot switch g5 for the fu organ effect, is asimilar two-point switch so connected as to ener ize, when it is closed,one winding of each o the magnets E', E, E3 and E, and so result in thepulling out of all of the stop bars controlled thereby. For this purposeone of the points of said switch g5 has in series with it the windin s eof the magnets E3 and E4, while the ot er has in series with it thewindings e of the remaining magnets E and E2.

`The crescendo switch g* is' of the multiple point type, being soconstructed as to successively close or complete the circuits whichinclude the windings e of each of the two stop magnets. It is to benoted that these latter are wound to energize their ma et cores in thesame direction as that causelby the windings e.

The switch g is connected in series with two windings e? respectivelyplaced upon the cores of the swell stop magnets E and E2 and-these twowindings e3 are in turn in series with the windings e of these samemagnetsfor the purpose hereafter noted. Similarl the combination switchg is in circuit wit the two windings e2 of the swell sto magnets E andEZ and with the two Winti ings e of the same magnets. The combinationswitches gz and g3 are in like manner connected to windings of the stopmagnets E2 and E3 belonging to the great manual.

Preferably adjacent to each stop knob d I place a reversing switch H, assuggested in Fig. 9, having a small operating handle h. Each of thesereversing switches, of which there may be any desired number for eachstop switch, depending uponthe number of windings e3 and e2 employed, isconnected in series with one of these windings, so that if in oneinstance the magnetic flux set up by the winding e3, flows in the samedirection as the flux set up by the winding e, then that particular stopbar will be operated when the 'switch gis closed. If, on the other hand,the reversing switch H be so manipulated that the current flows throughwinding e3 so as to set up a magnetic flux opposing that caused by thewinding e, then even though the combination switch g be closed there isno energization of that particular magnet. It will, therefore, be seenthat the principal reason for connecting the windings e2 and e3 inseries with the winding e is to make possible any desired stopcombinations, so -that while certain stops are in normal condition andmay be actuated to close their proper switches when the combinationswitches g, etc. are closed, others will be inoperative under the sameconditions.

If it be desired to electrically control the opening and closing of thecombination y switches g, g, g2, g3, g, g5, g8 and g7, this substitutedtherefor without may be accomplished b apparatus and connections such asareil ustrated in Fig. 12, where said switches are shown as designed tobe actuated by the operation of magnets or solenoids J, .IC-J7. Eachsolenoid in the case illustrated has three windings 7, j and y'z and isprovided with connections to switches, as k, k3, whereby two of thesewindings may be caused to neutralize each other, so that the thirdwinding is free to cause movement of the core carryin the movable switchelement in one direction, or others of the windings may be shortcircuited to leave but one winding active and so move the core in the oposite direction. While this is my preferred) method for accomplishingthe end desired, it will be understood that other means for controllingthe switches may be departing from my invention.

In the case illustrated, the solenoids J and J control two combinationswitches of the great manual, while, in addition, there are solenoids J2 and J3 which control similar switches belonging to the associatedpedal pipes of the same manual. For the urpose of closing the switch g,belonging to t e combination solenoid J and its associated pedalsolenoid J2, I rovide a'switch 7c', and it will be seenthat w en thislatter is closed current flows from the positive side of the battery Cthrough one branch terminal of the switch, through the windings and ofthe solenoid J, thence to the winding (i2 of the solenoid J and to thewinding jZ of the solenoid J, from whence the circuit is com leted backto the negative terminal of the gattery. y

Since the windings y" and jf* are so placed as to neutralize each otherunder these conditions, the winding j alone is effective and the core ofthe solenoid is so moved as to close the switch g controlled byit; itbeing understood that this switch remains closed even though the switch7c be only temporarily closed. When it is desired to open this switchand so render inactive the combination controlled thereby, I close theswitch c, (the switch c being open) which, it will be seen, is soconnected as to be capable of short circuiting the windinvs y' and y" ofthe solenoid J, it being noted that the switch k is preferably of theopen-circuit type. Current then flows through windings j2 of bothsolenoids J and J with the result that the latter of these windings actsupon the core of the solenoid J so as to open the switch g. It will benoted that the switch 7c has a second point or terminal in circuit withthe solenoid J2 of the associated pedal combination controlling means,so that this solenoid is always energized in unison with the solenoid J.

For the control of the solenoids J and J 3, I provide switches k2 and7c3, whereby, as before described, the combination switches governed -bysaid solenoids may be closed or opened. Restoring switches 7c, 7c5, lcand 7c7 are similarly provided for the swell manual and its associatedpedal pipes.

In order that all of the .combination switches g, etc., may besimultaneously opened, I provide a general releasin switch 7c soconnected as.to fulfil in itself t e functions of the individualreleasing switches 7c', 7c3, 7c, 7c.

In order to c ut down the amount of current flowing when thestop-controlling magnet-coils e are energized, I may provide means, suchas is illustrated in Fig. 10, whereby a body of resistance eB isinserted in shunt with such windings by the closing of a switch g8controlled by the stop bar.

Under operating conditions the closure of the switch g4, energizes aWinding e on one of the magnets E and so moves the stop bar D that theswitch g8 is closed, thereby placing in shunt with this winding of themagnet, the body of resistance es so that the current lowing to saidWinding is cut down and the latter incidentally prevented from heating.

The main object of this resistance e8 1s to prevent the winding e frombeing short circuit` ed and even though it does materially cut down thecurrent Iow in said winding, there is still sufficient current tomaintain the armature a ainst the end of the magnet after it has onceeen moved there.

In order to couple the manuals of the organ at will, I provide such anarrangement of parts as is shown in Figs. 7 and 8, where m, for example,represents the keys of the swell manual and n the keys of the greatmanual. Each key m is mechanically connected to a lever m and similarlyeach key n is connected to a lever n and each of said levers is providedin the present instance with two contact pieces m2 and m3, and n2 anda3, respectively. A current conductor p serves to connect each of thecontact ieces with one pole ofthe current generator and there are, inaddition, two sets of bus bars g and g', of which the irst set is placedso as to be engaged by each of the/contact pieces m2 and n2 whenever thekeys to which these pieces belong are depressed. Similarly, the bus barsg are so placed that they are engaged by the contacts m3 and n3 when anyot the keys to which these belong are operated.

Extending transversely of the levers m and n are two axially revolublebars mI1 and n4 of elliptical cross section so placed that when they areturned into the position illustrated in the case of the bar m4 they willprevent the contact pieces to which they are adjacent engaginor the busbar, when the key is depressed, while, on the other hand, when they areturned to the osition in which the bar n4 is illustrated, tliey permitsuch engagement of the contact pieces with the bus ar to which they areadjacent.

With the apparatus arranged as shown in Fig. 7, which, it will beunderstood, represents two keys and their associated parts required forcontrolling two pipes belonging to two different manuals, if the key 'abe depressed, not only will the contact piece a2 engage its bus bar qand so energize the winding b of the magnet for controlling one of' thegreat pipes, but the contact piece n3 will also engage its bus bar g andsimilarly ener gize the winding bof one of the swell pipe magnets. 1f,now, the stop switches f andf are closed, both a swell and a great pipewill be sounded by operation of the key n. In the caso of the key lm,and with the bar m4 in the position shown, the depression of the saidkey would merely result in the sounding of the single swell pipenormally controlled by it, since, while the contact piece mi* is free toengage the bus bar 1, the contact piece m2 is prevented from engagingits bus bar q.

In Fig. 6, 1 have shown a diagram illustrating the connections wherebythe iipes of either of two stops may be sounded liy coupling the twomanuals together in the manner illustrated in Figs. 7 and S; that is tosay, any of the pipes controlled by the magnets B or B2 may be soundedfrom the manual having the switch c and the keys m, or these pipes maybe sounded from the manual iaving the keys a, if the stop switches f andf be properly closed.

1 claim as my invention:

1. An organ including a plurality of pipes, valves for said pipes, andmagnets each with a plurality of windings for controlling said valves, asource of current, a series of keys, a

, key-controlled switch in circuit with one winding of each magnet, aseries of stops, and a stop controlled switch in circuit with anotherwinding of each magnet, substantially as described.

2. The combination in an organ, of a series of pipes, a valve forcontrolling the flow of air to each pipe, a magnet for independentlyoperating each valve wound with a plurality of sections, each sectionconsisting of a pair of windings capable of operating the valve onlywhen both of them are energized, and means for controlling the flow ofcurrent to said windings, substantially as described.

3. An organ having a plurality of pipes,

' valves for controlling the flow of air to said pipes, electromagneticselective means including multiple-wound magnets for causing at will theoperation of any valve or combination of valves, and means forindependently energizing a plurality of the windings of any magnet tocause them to cooperate to actuate a valve, substantially as described.

4. An organ including a plurality of pipes having valves for controllingthe admission of air thereto, a double wound magnet for each valve, asource of current, a series of keys connected to said source and each incireu'it with a magnet winding, and a stop controlled switch 1n circuitwlth the second windings of said magnets, substantially as I described.

5. The combination in an organ, of a series of pipes, valves forcontrolling the 'llow of air thereto, multiple-wound 'magnets forcontrolling said valves, a stop switch in circuit with one winding ofall of said magnets, a series of keys each in circuit with the otherwinding of one of the magnets, and a source of current for energizingsaid magnets, substantially as described.

6. An organ including a lurality of series of pipes, valves forcontrolling the admission of air to 'said pipes, multiple wound magnetsconnected to aetuate said valves, one winding of a plurality of themagnets of each series having a stop switch in circuit therewith,

-a series .of key switches respectively con,

nected to the second magnet windings of a plurality of magnets ofdiiierent series, with means for supplying current to said magnets,'

substantially as described.

7. In an electrically controlled organ, the combination of keys, stops,pipes, valves for controlling the admission ol air to said pipes,multiple wound magnets for actuating said valves, switches respectivelyconnected to the windings of each magnet, the switch of one winding ofeach magnet being controlled by a stop, and the switch of anotherwinding being controlled by a key, with electro-magnetic means for o)eratingsaid stop switches, substantially as escribed.

S. An electric organ having draw rods, a switch controlled by each rod,magnets for actuating said rods, means for controlling said magnets,pipes for the organ having controlling valves, multiple wound magnets,each having a winding in circuit with one oi said switches for actuatingthe valves, and other means for controlling the current flow to theremaining windings of the magnets, substantially as described.

9. An electrically controlled organ including stop devices eachconsisting of a movable bar, an electric switch controlled thereby, anarmature on the bar, a magnet for actuating said armature, a spring fornormally maintaining said armature awa from the magnet, with means forcontroliing the energization of the magnet, a device for operating thebar by hand, and means independent of the magnet for holding the barfrom moving when the switch is closed, substantially as described.

10. An electrically controlled organ, having a series of stopcontrolling devices, -each consisting of a movable bar having a knob, anarmature on the bar but movable relatively thereto, a magnet for thearmature Jfor moving the bar to its outer position, means forcontrolling the operation of said vmeans including stop magnet, andmeans independent of said magnet ior holding the bar in said outerposition, substantiall as described.

11. An elyectrically controlled organ, including a series of stopcontrolling devices, each provided with a magnet, a stop bar, anarmature thereon, a switch having its movable member carried by saidstop bar, a spring for maintaining the switch open and the armaturedistant from the magnet, means independent of the magnet lor maintainingthe switch closed, and means ier controllin(r the magnet, substantiallyas (lescribct l2. An electrically controlled organ including a pluralityof series of pipes and valves for controlling the admission of airthereto, multiple wound magnets for controlling the valves, keycontrolled switches for governing the current flow to one winding ot anymagnet or magnets, stop switches lor controlling the ilow of current tothe second winding oi' the magnet oil an f series of pipes, magnets i'oroperating said latter switches, and controlling switches for said lattermagnets, lsubstantially as described.

153. The combination in an electrically controlled organ having a numbero1 series of pipes and mechanism controlling the sounding of said pipes,of a series of switches for controlling the dillerent elements of saidmechanism, sto p mechanism for controlling said switches, and multiplewound magnets l'or actuating said sto mechanism, with means forcontrolling t 1e operation of said latter magnets, substantially asdescribed.

14. An electrically controlled organ including a plurality of series ofpipes and valves for controlling the admission of air thereto, multiplewound magnets for controlling the valves, key controlled switches forgoverning the current ilow to one winding of any magnet or magnets, stopswitches for controlling the flow of current to the second windings ot'the magnets of any series of pipes, multiple wound magnets forcontrolling the operation of said stop switches, and a plurality ofswitches respectively in circuit with the windings of said stop-switchmagnets for con* trolling the same, substantially as described.

15. An electrically controlled organ including a plurality of series ofpipes and valves for controlling the admission of air thereto, switchesfor controlling said valves, multiple wound magnets for controlling theoperation of said stop switches, a plurality of switches respectively incircuit with the windings of said stop magnets for controlling the same,and means for rendering inoperative at will any one of said stop switchcontrolling magnets, substantially as described.

16. An electrically controlled organ including a plurality of series ofpipes and valves for controlling the admission of air thereto,

multiple wound magnets for controlling the valves, key controlledswitches for governing the current flow to one winding of any inagnet,or magnets, stop switches for controlling the ilow of current to thesecond winding ol' the magnets of any series of pipes, multiple woundmagnets for controlling the operation of said stop switches, a pluralityof switches respectively in circuit with thewindings of said stopmagnets for controlling the same, and means for rendering i'ndperativeat will any of said stop switch controlling magnets, substantially asdescribed 17. An organ including a plurality ot pipes, a source of air,a valva lor each pipe for admitting air to it from said source, a magnetfor each valve, a series of keys, each having a switch in circuit withone 'oi' the magnets, a source of current for said apparatus1 and stopmechanism including switches and electrical connections arranged toeo-act with said key switches to control the energie Zation of themagnets and the sounding ol' the pipes, substantially described.

An organ including a plurality ol pipes, a source of air, a valve foreach pipe for admitting air to it from said source, a separate magnetfor cach valve, a series oi keys, each key having a switch in circuitwith the magnet of the corresponding pipe, and stop mechanism includingmeans co-acting with each of said magnets for rendering the sameeffective to operatey the valve, with a source of current for saidapparatus, substantially as described.

1S). An organ including a plurality ol pipes, a source of air, a valvefor each pipe for admitting air to it from said source, a separatemagnet for each valve, a series el" keys, each having a switch incircuit with one of the magnets, stop mechanism including anelectro-magnetic device for each one of the pipes for rendering themagnet thereof ell'ective at will to operate its valve, and switches forcontrolling the energization of said devices, with a source of currentfor said apparatus, substantially as described.

20. An organ including a plurality of pipes, valves for said pipes, aseparate magnet for controlling each of said valves, a source ofcurrent, a series of keys, a series of stops, key controlled switchesand stop controlled switches, with circuits respectively including oneof the key controlled switches, and a stop controlled switch forcontrolling the energization of each magnet, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM R. WHITEHORNE.

Witnesses:

R. W. LEIBERT, HELEN E. WHITEHORNE.

